The bass clef is usually utilized for lower voices and instruments, such as a bassoon, cello, trombone, or bass voice. The treble clef is typically used for higher voices and instruments, such as a flute, violin, trumpet, or soprano voice. In the next chapter, The Keyboard and the Grand Staff, we will see that having multiple clefs makes reading different ranges easier. A clef indicates which pitches are assigned to the lines and spaces on a staff. The Notation of Notes, Clefs, and Ledger Lines chapter introduced four clefs: treble, bass, alto, and tenor. These theorists used more than seven letters of the Greek alphabet to name pitches. For example, some ancient Greek music theorists did not accept octave equivalence. More information about this concept can be found in the next chapter, The Keyboard and the Grand Staff. This loop of letter names exists because musicians and music theorists today accept what is called octave equivalence, or the assumption that pitches separated by an octave should have the same letter name. After G these letter names repeat in a loop: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C, etc. In Western musical notation, pitches are designated by the first seven letters of the Latin alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.
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